On To The Summit: We Reach The Top Lesson Summary

  & Explanation in English

Back to: Maharashtra Board Class 11th English Guide & Notes

Table of Contents

Introduction

Important names

The narrator and Hillary were determined to reach the top of the world

The beginning of their journey to Mount Everest

The narrator and Hillary reach Kathmandu

The narrator expressed his gratitude

Conclusion

Introduction

Tenzing and Hillary set out from Camp Nine early on Friday morning to continue their journey to the Top. Tenzing was determined to conquer the peak even at the cost of his life. They took turns to take the lead because the one that follows has the difficult job of acting as the anchor for the team. Tenzing was carrying the flags of Great Britain, Nepal, India, and the United Nations to plant them at the summit.

After an hour of steady climbing, they had to cut across the south face and begin climbing the west side where they had to cross a steep line of rocks. This proved to be difficult and thus took some time. However, once they had cleared these, they only had to make it past a snow-covered incline.

This became progressively easier as the steepness of the incline decreased as they neared the top. Although the last sixty or seventy feet up the top were not very dangerous, they maintained the same steady pace and reached the small, flattened summit almost together. The rope that was tied between them was a symbol of their teamwork and companionship.

Important names

Edmund Hillary: Mountain climber and Antarctic explorer who, with the Tibetan mountaineer Tenzing Norgay, was the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest

The narrator: Tenzing Sherpa a Nepali-Indian Sherpa mountaineer.[2][3] He was one of the first two individuals known to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

(C.W.F.) Noyce: Cuthbert Wilfrid Francis Noyce (31 December 1917 – 24 July 1962) was usually known as Wilfrid Noyce. He was an English mountaineer and author. He was a member of the 1953 British Expedition that made the first ascent of Mount Everest.

(W.G.) Lowe: Wallace George Lowe (15 January 1924 – 20 March 2013), was known as George Lowe. He was a New Zealand-born mountaineer, explorer, film director, and educator.

The narrator and Hillary were determined to reach the top of the world

When the narrator and Hillary left Camp Nine on Friday morning he was determined to get on the top of the mountain even if at the cost of his death. He wasn’t afraid if he died that day. They started early and lead the journey alternatively, sometimes the narrator took the lead, and sometimes Hillary. The man who would be behind had the most difficult job both in climbing up and down like an anchor. The man leading cuts the steps and breaks the way.

When the narrator was in camp four Colonel Hunt gave him three flags of Britain, the United Nations, and Nepal which he was asked to plant at the top of the mountain when they reach. The narrator asked for permission to let him plant the Indian Flag as well which he had brought with him.

Colonel Hunt was glad that he had an Indian flag and after an hour they cut across the south face and started the west side which had a steep line of rocks. This way took time and was difficult to cross. After this there were no barriers left except a snow-covered incline, sloping less and less as they get nearer to the top.

The beginning of their journey to Mount Everest

The last sixty to seventy feet up was not very dangerous and they kept moving at the same pace. During the last fifty feet from the peak, Hillary and the narrator were almost twenty feet apart but were tied with a rope which helped them stay together in difficult situations. They were not different individuals but a team.

The narrator has been asked by many who was the first to reach the summit to which they had no answer as climbing is not about reaching first but overcoming the barriers. Their main thought was that both of them reach the top, one couldn’t have done it alone.

The narrator and Hillary reach Kathmandu

The narrator and Hillary had become a controversy when they reached Kathmandu yet it didn’t affect them. They decide to sign a pact in the office of the Prime Minister of Nepal which stated that they will not be a part of any controversy and embrace every part of the journey.

The narrator’s first thought on reaching the top was gratitude to God. He and his wife are Buddhists, e wanted to kneel but couldn’t because of the clothes and the equipment yet he offered a silent prayer in his heart. He offered biscuits, candy, and a little blue pencil that his daughter Nima had given him when he was leaving home so that he would put it on top of the mountain as her offering.

The narrator plated the flags along with his offerings and Hillary took picture of it. The narrator was very thirsty and when he took out his metal container, the water was frozen and he couldn’t satisfy his thirst so he ate some biscuits and offered them to Hillary.

The narrator expressed his gratitude

He wore a scarf that his friend gift him up the mountain, remembered him, and felt as if he was with him. The narrator didn’t feel tired and was happy at that moment. All the hills and mountains looked like gods and goddesses to him which also looked like broken pieces of the map.

Only two or three people could stand on the top of the world. Twenty to thirty feet below there was enough space for two people to sleep. They stayed on the top for a little more than fifteen minutes and the next thought was to get down safely. The climb down was more dangerous than climbing up.

Climbing down took less time but it needed more caution. When they reached camp nine is when they were relieved that they reached safely. The narrator and Hillary were not in the mood of talking to and rested for a while. Just above camp eight were others who could see them and the narrator gave a thumbs up. Noyce and Lowe saw and flushed out of joy, this way the narrator could tell them that their journey was a success.

By the time they reached camp eight which was another fifty feet down Noyce brought some tea which smelled like kerosene and they enjoyed it anyway as the gentleman took the trouble to bring it to them.

Conclusion

The narration is a real-life experience of Tenzing Norgay also referred to as Sherpa Tenzing and Edmund Hillary who were the first two individuals known to reach the summit of Mount Everest in 1953. In this particular lesson, Tenzing describes the climb to the top and all events that occurred during the historic climb.

On to the submit we reach the top quiz

 

Multiple Choice questions

1.The pact was signed by the author and Hillary on ______________

June 22 , 1953 at Kathmandu

June 22 , 1953 at Nepal

June 23,1943 at Kathmandu

2.Who is known as Indian Sherpa?

Edmund Hillary

Tenzing Norgay

Colonel Hunt

True or False

3. The man who follows while climbing is the anchor

True

False

True or False

4. Colonel Hunt had given Tenzing the flags when they reached the summit

True

False

5. Tenzing and Edmund Hillary reach to the summit of Mount Everest on_________

29 May, 1953

29 June, 1953

19 May, 1963

29 March, 1953

6.When we left Camp ________ on _________morning.

Nine, Friday

Nine, Saturday

7. The leader of the 1952 Swiss expedition

Colonel Hunt

Edmud

Lambert

Hillary

8. Tenzing Norgay raised my arm with my thumb up ________ and _________ saw us and their faces flushed with joy..

(C.W.F) Noyce ad (W.G) Lowe

English mountaineer, Lowe

Newzealand Mountaineer, Noyce

9. Rope being called a symbol of__________

To maintain distance between two

To tie each other

It tied Hillary and Tenzing together, & worked as team

10.Nima's offering carried to the summit by the author

Biscuits

An ordinary blue pencil

Big Data Big Insights

Big Data – Big Insights is an important prose for teachers and students of 21st  century . In the age of information technology, everyone should be aware of the importance of information shared, stored, monitored and analysed. The data is such a huge that the adjective big to Data seems to be small. Reading of the prose gives  the teacher as well as students the big insights. We are aware of the words like kb (kilo byte), mb (mega byte), gb (giga byte) and tb( tera byte) . These are the measures of information( data.).

 Through this lesson we understand what exactly data means and how huge it is. Our sharing on whats-app , face book , twitter and other social media , our online transactions over amazon, snap-deal, flip-cart are recorded and analysed.  The data is used by different organisations .  Uses of Big Data 

 We get calls, emails and messages from unknown for selling goods and services. When our child is in 9th or 10th std,  we get messages from coaching classes. Have you ever given thought how do they know that your child is in std 10th? They get such information from big data. Our online activities are collected and analysed. While surfing shopping websites, they show the things of your interest first.Our mobiles show how many steps we have walked. 

There are many uses of data collected. 

• Location Tracking
  • GPS and Google Maps make use of Big Data to track the location 
  • We get information about traffic and one way route and accident prone areas . 
• Understanding the weather pattern
  • Weather sensors and satellites use data to forecast weather. 
• Banking, Finance and Trading
  • Design suitable plans for investors knowing their needs .
  • Monitor financial markets 
• Sports
  • Sportsmen used data to improve their performance.  

After studying this lesson we can be well informed about data world wide. We can find a way to use such data to improve the educations system. We can take precaution what to share and what not. We are warned not to share passwords and pin codes of Credit/ Debit Card. Here we find the reason. 

Big Data Big Insights Vocabulary

Big Data Big Insights

Activity Sheet No 1 on Big Data Big Insights

Read the extract and do all the activities. 

(There is a revolution………….natural resources like water. )

A1. Global Understanding  2

Complete the web chart. 

Big Data Big Insights

Ans : Facebook, whatsapp, twitter, online transaction

A2. Complex Factual  2

State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Everything including food habits, healthcare and travelling has changed 360 degrees.

2. Whatever activity we do offline is recorded and monitored.

3. Big Data can be gigabyte.

4. The available data is enormously increasing in 5 Vs. 

Ans: 1. True 2. False correct- Whatever activity we do online is recorded and monitored. 3. False correct- Big Data can be petabytes 4. True

A3. Inference/ Interpretation/ Analysis  2

By using Big Data condition of goods can be checked. Explain

Ans : GPS helps us to get the status of the goods we have ordered. Online shopping sites provides the facility of checking the condition of goods. Data exchanged among the seller, supplier and consumer helps to check the condition.

A4. Personal Response                                                                                                                              2

Narrate how will you make use of Big Data.

Ans : I will make use of big data to decide about launching startup. Data will help me to know about the need of the people and availability of particular product. 

A5. Language Study 2

1. Choose the statement of passive voice.

a. Many industries have advanced by miles from their competitors. 

b. Huge amount of data is continuously being received from them.  

Ans : b. Passive Voice : Huge amount of data is continuously being received from them. 

2. Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of place. (Use ‘to identify’ and rewrite the sentence.)

Ans : Big Data has been useful to identify and to track the exact location of place. 

A6. Vocabulary  2

Find four words with a similar meaning to ‘massive’. 

Ans : huge, big, enormous, vast 

Activity Sheet No 2 on Big Data Big Insights

Read the extract and do all the activities. 

(Today we see that……………..manage transactions accordingly. )

A1 Complete the web chart  2

A1 Complete the web chart  2

Big Data Big Insights : Std 12

Big Data Big Insights

A2. Show the benefits of Big Data to doctors and pharma companies. 2

A3. State how banks finance companies utilize Big Data.2

A4. If you find some messages like ‘I’m down with flu’ on facebook , what will you do? 2

A5. Language Study. 2

1. It will be monitored. (Begin with ‘They….’ and rewrite the sentence.)

2. New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come with suitable plans. ( Rewrite the sentence by using ‘not only …… but also.’)

A6. Word Register. Find four words closely related with ‘Disease’.  2

Activity Sheet No. 3 on Big Data Big Insights

(From question bank)

Read the extract and complete the activities given below : 

( So a huge amount of data………………….. improve speed and reliability in delivery.)

A1. Arrange the given sentences in the order to summarize the extract according to

proper occurrences. (2)

i. Big data improved the logistics services.

ii. Every online activity is stored in big data.

iii. Big data is comprehensible due to Big Data Analytics.

iv. The industries gained advantages from the big data.

Ans : ii. Every online activity is stored in big data.

          iii. Big data is comprehensible due to Big Data Analytics.

          iv. The industries gained advantages from the big data.

          i. Big data improved the logistics services.

A2. Big Data analytics play a vital role. Justify. (2)

Ans :  Big Data Analytics gives insights that were previously beyond understanding. The industries can have numerous advantages. Many industries have surpassed their competitors by using big data analytics.

A3. Big data is a great challenge to the present computing technologies. Explain. (2)

Ans : Big data is collected from different sources . So it is enormously increasing in volume, velocity, veracity, and value. Such a huge data is a great challenge to the different computing technologies. 

A4. We tend to refer to certain features of the product or services before orders. Give

reasons for such conduct. (2)

Ans : We tend to refer to certain features of the product or services before orders. Because it gives us required information about the product. We can see whether the product meets our needs or not. It helps us to take the decision about buying the product.

A5. Do as directed. (2)

1) If you have ordered something online you can track the location of your goods in transit.

(Choose correct alternative to use ‘After+ing’)

i. After you have ordering something online, you can track the location of your goods in transit.

ii. After ordering something online, you can track the location of the goods in transit.

 iii. After you have ordered something, you are tracking the location of your goods in transit.

iv. After ordering something online, you can tracking the location of your goods in transit.

Ans : ii. After ordering something online, you can track the location of the goods in transit.

2) Big data analytics is the complex process.

(Choose correct alternative to change the sentence as negative sentence)

i. Big Data analytics is not the complex process.

ii. Big Data analytics is not a compound process.

iii. Big Data analytics is not an easy process.

iv. Big Data analytics is not the simple process.

Ans : iv. Big Data analytics is not the simple process.

A6 Pick out the antonyms of the following words from the passage. (2)

a) Understandable b) hide c) available d) similar

Ans : a) Understandable – incomprehensible 

b) hide – uncover 

c) available –  closed 

d) similar – varied

why we travel

Why we travel

The confines of our homes make life seem monotonous and dull. Travel provides the adventure and thrill that excites us. In the words of the great writer Albert Camus, “what gives value to travel is fear”. And this fear demands us to be more alert and active.Travelling Makes us Question the Fixity of IdentitiesWhile travelling, a person visits many places and meets many people. He absorbs certain elements of various places and its people. One’s identity, therefore, does not remain fixed or singular. A traveller acquires a curious amalgam of identities of various languages and cultures. The writer quotes Sir Thomas Browne who said that “We carry within us the wonders we seek without us.” This implies that we carry multitudes within us and no human is confined to one singular identity.ConclusionThis way, Pico Iyer concludes that travelling is essential to keep the human mind active. It prevents the soul from getting exhausted due tothe boring routine of everyday life. It keeps a check on our prejudices. Travelling reminds us that the world is too vast and complex, just like the vast expanse of the human inner self.Most people dream about sudden trips to exotic lands or planned voyages to previously familiar locations, but what is it that drives us to seek to leave our home? Why is it that we travel, even if we are completely comfortable in the country we live in? Pico Iyer, in his travel essay titled ‘Why We Travel’ states different reasons why he believes we seek the unknown. One of the points he claims that we travel for the “self and anonymity”. As he expands on this idea, it is clearto the reader that Iyer believes one of the reasonswe travel is to be able to be “free of caste and joband standing” in order to better comprehend ourselves. In a different environment where no

“Why We Travel”

“Why We Travel” is an essay written by Pico Iyer that explores the motivations and benefits of travel. Iyer argues that travel is not simply a way to escape from the stresses of daily life, but rather a means to gain perspective and understanding about oneself and the world.

Iyer draws on his own experiences as a world traveler, explaining that travel helps to break down cultural barriers and broaden one’s understanding of the world. He also suggests that travel can help individuals gain a better understanding of themselves and their place in the world, as it allows them to step outside of their familiar surroundings and see things from a new perspective.

Additionally, Iyer contends that travel can help individuals develop empathy and compassion for others. He notes that through travel, individuals can witness the hardships and struggles of people in different parts of the world, and this can lead to a greater appreciation of the diversity and richness of human experience.

Overall, Iyer’s essay argues that travel is a powerful and transformative experience that can help individuals grow and develop in numerous ways. He suggests that by stepping outside of our comfort zones and embracing the unknown, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

A1. Write down the views of George Santayana about travelling.

A2.Differentiate: (02). Differentiate between Tourist and Traveller.

A3. Interpret: (02). Interpret the statement, “whose riches are differently dispersed.”

A4. Personal Response: (02)

“Travelling broadens our perspective”. Do you agree with the view. Justify your answer with suitable examples.

A5. Language study: (02) 

i. For seeing without feeling can obviously be uncaring. (Rewrite the sentence using the Infinitive form of the underlined word)

 ii. We travel, initially to lose ourselves and we travel next to find ourselves. (Rewrite the sentence Using,” not only …. but also’) 

iii. We travel to open our hearts. (Rewrite the sentence using the “Gerund form” of the underlined word)

A6. Vocabulary: (02) 

Find out words from the extract which means the following.

 i. Forced to

 ii. Difficult or unpleasant experience iii. Improper angle

Answers Activity Set 1

A1. Views of George Santayana about travelling:

George Santayana, a Spanish-American philosopher, believed that travelling is essential for self-discovery and personal growth. According to him, it is not only the destination that matters, but the journey itself. Santayana emphasized the importance of experiencing new cultures and lifestyles, as it helps individuals to broaden their perspectives and gain a better understanding of the world around them. He also believed that one should travel with an open mind and embrace the unknown, rather than trying to cling to familiar customs and beliefs.

A2. Differentiation between Tourist and Traveller:

A tourist is someone who travels for pleasure or leisure, often with a fixed itinerary and a limited amount of time. They tend to stick to popular tourist attractions and activities and may not necessarily engage with the local culture. On the other hand, a traveller is someone who seeks to immerse themselves in the culture of the places they visit. They may have a more flexible itinerary and are often open to new experiences and adventures. Travellers tend to be more curious and adventurous, seeking to explore off-the-beaten-path locations and learn about the local way of life.

A3. Interpretation of the statement, “whose riches are differently dispersed.”

The phrase “whose riches are differently dispersed” suggests that wealth is distributed unequally among different people and regions. It implies that some people or areas may have more economic resources than others. The statement may also be interpreted to mean that there are different types of wealth, not just financial wealth. For instance, one may have cultural or social wealth, which can be spread out in various ways.

A4. Personal response to the view, “Travelling broadens our perspective”:

I strongly agree with the view that travelling broadens our perspective. By travelling to new places, we are exposed to different cultures, customs, and ways of life. This exposure can help us gain a better understanding of the world and appreciate the diversity that exists. Travelling can also challenge our assumptions and biases, forcing us to think critically and question our beliefs. For example, I once travelled to a remote village in South America, where I lived with a host family for a few weeks. This experience not only allowed me to learn about their way of life but also taught me to appreciate the little things in life and to live with simplicity.

A5. Language study:

i. Seeing without feeling can obviously be uncaring. (Rewritten using the Infinitive form of the underlined word):

 To see without feeling can obviously be uncaring.

ii. We travel, initially to lose ourselves and we travel next to find ourselves. (Rewritten using,” not only …. but also’): We travel not only to lose ourselves initially but also to find ourselves.

iii. We travel to open our hearts. (Rewrite using the “Gerund form” of the underlined word): We travel for opening our hearts.

A6. Vocabulary:

i. Forced to – Compelled ii. Difficult or unpleasant experience – Ordeal iii. Improper angle – Oblique

ii. The first great of joy travelling is simply the luxury of leaving all my

beliefs.(From the given options find out „Wh‟ question to get the underlined part as an answer.)

a) What is the first great joy of travelling?

b) What was the first great joy of travelling?

c) What will be the first great joy of travelling?

d) What is joy of first great travelling?

A6. Vocabulary: (02)

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the given bracket and rewrite

the sentence:

(Ignorance, essence, solitude, compassion, assumptions)

Read the extract and do all the activities that follow: (12)

But for the rest of us, the sovereign freedom of travelling comes from the fact that it whirls you around and turns you upside down, and stands everything you took for granted on its head. If a diploma can famously be a

passport (to a journey through hard realism) a passport can be a diploma (for a crash course in cultural relativism). And the first lesson we learn on the road, whether we like it or not, is how provisional and provincial are the things we imagine to be universal.

We travel, then, in part just to shake up our complacencies by seeing all the moral and political urgencies, the life-and-death dilemmas, that we seldom have to face at home. And we travel to fill in the gaps left by

tomorrow‟s headlines. When you drive down the streets of Port-au-Prince, for example, where there is almost no paving your notions of the Internet and a “one world order” grow usefully revised. Travel is the best way we

have of rescuing the humanity of places, and saving them from abstraction and ideology. And in the process, we also get saved from abstraction ourselves, and come to see how much we can bring to the places we visit, and how much we can become a kind of carrier pigeon – an anti-Federal Express, if you like – in transporting back and forth what every culture needs. I find that I always take Michael Jordan posters to Kyoto, and bring woven ikebana baskets back to California.

But more significantly, we carry values and beliefs and news to the places we go, and in many parts of the world, we become walking video screens and living newspapers, the only channels that can take people out of

the censored limits of their homelands. In closed or impoverished places, like Pagan or Lhasa or Havana, we are the eyes and ears of the people we meet, their only contact with the world outside and, very often, the closest,

quite literally, they will ever come to Michael Jackson or Bill Clinton. Not the least of the challenges of travel, therefore, is learning how to import – and export – dreams with tenderness

State whether the following statements are True/ False

i. According to the writer, we travel in part just to shake up our satisfaction that we seldom have to free at home.

ii. We imagine that provisional and provincial things are universal.

iii. The writer always brings woven ikebana baskets back to India.

iv. We Carry values, beliefs and news to the place.

A2. Explain: (02)

Explain the concept of cultural relativism.

A3. Interpret: (02)

Interpret the statement, “We are eyes and ears of the people.”

A4. Personal Response (02)

Do you agree with the views expressed by the writer? Justify your answer with suitable examples.

A5. Language study: (02)

i. Travel is the best way we have of rescuing the humanity of places.

(Rewrite the sentence using the “Infinitive form” of the underlined word)

OR

(change the degree)

i. We can become a kind of carrier Pigeon.

(Rewrite the sentence using a modal auxiliary which indicates,” possibility”)

A6. Vocabulary: (02)

Find out words from the extract which mean the following.

i. Regional

ii. Confusion/double mind situation

iii. Poverty stricken places

iv. A set of ideas which form a basis for political economic system

A1. State whether the following statements are True/ False:

i. According to the writer, we travel in part just to shake up our satisfaction that we seldom have to free at home. True

ii. We imagine that provisional and provincial things are universal. True

iii. The writer always brings woven ikebana baskets back to India. False

iv. We Carry values, beliefs and news to the place. True

A2. Explain:

The concept of cultural relativism is the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood and interpreted in the context of their own culture, rather than being judged against the standards of another culture. It recognizes that different cultures have their own unique way of life, and what may be considered acceptable in one culture may not be in another.

A3. Interpret:

The statement “We are the eyes and ears of the people” means that when we travel to other places, we can act as a source of information and knowledge for the people we meet. We can share our experiences, beliefs, and values, and in turn, learn from their perspectives and experiences. This can help bridge the gap between different cultures and promote understanding and empathy.

A4. Personal Response:

Personal response may vary. One possible response could be: I agree with the views expressed by the writer. Traveling to different places has helped me broaden my perspective and understanding of different cultures. For example, when I traveled to Japan, I learned about their unique customs and values, such as the importance of harmony and respect in their society. This helped me appreciate and respect their culture, and also helped me reflect on my own beliefs and values.

A5. Language study:

i. To rescue the humanity of places, travel is the best way we have.

ii. We can possibly become a kind of carrier pigeon.

A6. Vocabulary:

i. Provincial

ii. Cognitive dissonance

iii. Impoverished places

iv. Ideology

2.3 Figures of Speech inchape rock

 Figures of Speech -  (Stanza 01 to 04 )

1) No stir in the air, no stir in the sea

Repetition- The word 'no stir' is repeated.

Alliteration - The sound of letters 'n' & 's' are repeated.

2) The ship was still as she could be

Personification - The ship is personified.

Alliteration - The sound of letter ’sh’ is repeated.

3) Her sails from heaven received no motion

Alliteration- The sound of letter 'h' is repeated.

Personification - The ship is personified.

Inversion - The word order is changed. The correct order- Her sails received no motion from heaven.

4) Her keel was steady in the ocean.

Personification- The ship is personified. 

5) So little they rose, so little they fell,

Repetition- The word ‘little' is repeated.

Antithesis - Opposite words (rose and fell) are used. 

Anti-climax -The words are arranged in descending order.

Personification - The waves are personified. 

6) On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung

Inversion - The word order is changed.

It floated and swung on a buoy in the storm.

Alliteration - The sound of letter 's' is repeated.

7) And over the waves its warning rung.

Alliteration - The sound 'w' is repeated.

Personification - The waves are personified.

8) When the Rock was hid by the surge’s swell

Alliteration –The sound of letter 's' is repeated.

Personification - The rock is personified. 

Figures of speech (Stanza no. 5 to 8)

1) The sun in heaven was shining gay.

Inversion-The words are not in a correct order. The line should be as - The sun was shining gay in heaven.

2) The sea-birds scream'd as they wheel's around.

Alliteration- The sound of letter ‘s’ is repeated.

3) It made him whistle, it made him sing.

Repetition- The words ‘it made him’ repeated.

Anaphora- It made him these words are repeated at the beginning of the line.

Figures of Speech – (Stanza 09 to 12)

1) The boat is lower’d, the boatmen row.

Climax – The words are arranged in the ascending order

Alliteration - The sound of letter ‘b’ is repeated.

2) And to the Inchcape Rock they go

Inversion - The word order is changed. The correct order- And they go to the Inchcape Rock. 

Alliteration – The sound of letters ‘th’ is repeated. 

3) Sir Ralph bent over from the boat.

Alliteration – The sound ‘b’ is repeated. 

4) And he cut the Bell from the Inchcape float.

Alliteration – The sound ‘f’ is repeated. 

5) Down sunk the Bell with a gurgling sound.

Onomatopoeia – The word follows the sound.

6) The bubbles rose and burst around.

Onomatopoeia – The word follows the sound.

Alliteration – The sound of letter ‘b’ is repeated.

Climax – The words are arranged ascending order.

7) He scour’d the seas for many a day.

Alliteration -The sound ‘s’ is repeated.

Figures of Speech – (Stanza 13 to 17)

1) On the deck the Rover takes his stand,

Inversion – The word order is changed.  The correct word order- The Rover takes his stand on the deck.

2) For there is the dawn of rising Moon.'

Paradox - The line is absurd.

3) 'Canst hear', said one, 'breakers roar?'

Interrogation - The question mark is used here.

4) For me thinks we should be near the shore.

Alliteration - The sound of letter ‘s’ is repeated.

5) Now where we are I cannot tell.

Inversion - The word order is changed. The correct word order-I cannot tell where we are now.

6) Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock,

Alliteration - The sound of letter 's' is repeated.

Transferred Epithet – The adjective ‘shivering’ transferred from human to shock.

Personification – The word shock is personified.

7) O Christ! it is the Inchcape Rock!

Apostrophe - One of the rovers is addressing to god.

Exclamation - exclamatory mark is used.

8) The waves rush in every side

Personification – The waves are personified.

9)But even in his dying fear

Transferred Epithet - The adjective dying is transferred from human to fear.

Personification – The fear is personified.

10) A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell

Simile - The sound of sinking ship is directly compared with sound of sinking the Inchcape Bell

Summary & outline - The Inchcape Rock:

  

The Inchcape Rock is a perilous reef off the east coast of Scotland near the mouth of the river Tay The rock was a few inches above the surface of the sea in low tide and was completely covered by the se in high tide or when the sea was rough. Many ships had been wrecked by this Inchcape Rock when it was covered by the sea.

 Observing the danger mentioned above, Abbot of Abberbrothok placed a bell on the Rock by the help of a float. The bell, dancing in the waves, produced a sweet soft warning sound and the ships avoided their course, The mariners thanked the Abbot for his unique arrangement.

 Oneday Sir Ralph the Rover was passing by the Inchcape Rock in his ship. He saw the float, the bell and heard from the mariners about Abbot's praise. He felt jealous and wanted to plague the good name of the Abbot. He ordered the mariners to take his boat near the bell and then he cup the bell off the float. It sank down. 

Sir Ralph went away in the sea, plundered the stores of rich merchants, ships and became rich. He prepared his return journey to Scotland. The ship came closer to Inchcape Rock. It was a dark night. Nothing was visible. The mariners heard the breakers roar. They thought the shore was near, because they could not hear the sound of the Inchcape bell. 

The ship collided with the Rock and wrecked. Sir Ralph met his unhappy end. But before death, he repented and gave the message to the world that jealousy and wickedness never end in happiness.

Outlines of the Poem The Inchcape Rock

(1) Inchcape Rock is a perilous reef off the coast of Scotland near the mouth of the river Tay. 

(2) The Rock was a few inches above the surface of the sea in low tide. 

(3) In high tide, the rock remains underwater. 

(4) The ships collide with the rock and get wrecked.

(5)The Abbot of Abberbrothok placed a bell on the rock. 

(6)He arranged a float on which the bell was placed. 

(7) The bell swinging in the tide produced a warning sound. 

(8)The mariners got alerted and changed course.

(9) They thanked the Abbot for his device. 

(10) One day Sir Ralph the Rover came by the Rock. 

(11) He saw the bell on the float. 

(12) The mariners told about the bell and the Abbot. 

(13) Sir Ralph was wicked, jealous. 

(14) He envied the glory of the Abbot. 

(15) He ordered his mariners to sail his boat to the bell. 

(16) He cut the string of the bell. 

(17) It drowned in the sea. 

(18) Sir Ralph sailed away deep into the sea. 

(19) He plundered shins and got a lot of money 

(20) He made arrangement for return journey. 

(21) The sky grew darker. 

(22) Nothing was visible. 

(23) The ship reached near the Rock. 

(24) The mariners could not hear the bell. 

(25) They heard the sound of breakers roar. (26) They thought the shore was near. 

(27) The ship collided with the Rock and Wrecked. 

(28) Sir Ralph began sinking. 

(29) He repented for his action. 

(30) The man who digs hole for others, falls in the same hole sooner or later.